The ESCAP Secretariat developed this working paper to support the work of Asia and the Pacific Information Superhighway (APIS) Working Group 1 on Connectivity for All. The primary author is Aida Karazhanova, Economic Affairs Officer, who worked with specific research inputs from Qiangye Ma, Tianji Zhang, Elisa Belaz, Heghine Margaryan, Venkatesh Aruldoss, and Swapnil Vashishtha, Interns of the ICT and Development Section (IDS) under the direct supervision of Tae Hyung Kim, Chief of ICT and Development Section, and the overall guidance Tiziana Bonapace, Director of ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD) of ESCAP. Supplementary data collection and visualisation for 2022 for all economic groups of the region were prepared by Puyuan Su, Intern of IDS (IDD) in close guidance from Zorikto Gomboin, APIS Co-Chair of the Working Group 2 on Digital Technology. Ekaterina Genkina, an International Change Management Expert, contributed to the substantial analysis and recommendations and participated in the data quality diagnostic of the e-resilience profile of China.