Entering 2024, multiple forums are debating reforms to the international financial architecture to resolve developing country debt problems. These forums should start by identifying the different problems that need to be solved. In this paper, we argue that there are four distinct debt-related questions that developing countries are confronting, each of which merits its own response: (i) how to meet current debt service obligations; (ii) how to open fiscal space for debt-financed sustainable infrastructure and other priority development investments; (iii) how to best use debt in responding to natural disasters; and (iv) how to improve debt transparency to better the overall functioning of global capital markets.