전망·동향
WTO Annual Report 2024
These are troubling times for global trade. Amid geopolitical tensions and the backdrop of the climate crisis, we see increased protectionism and unilateral policy measures. The data suggest that after years of talk of decoupling, trade may be starting to fragment along geopolitical lines. And yet within these challenges there are exciting opportunities. Opportunities to harness digitalization to spur growth and job creation. Opportunities to use trade to enhance global food security and accelerate the push towards net-zero emissions. Opportunities to spread the benefits of trade to more people and countries.
In 2023 ？ the main period covered by this report ？ merchandise trade volumes fell by 1.2 per cent after growing 3.0 per cent the year before, as many countries dealt with the lingering effects of inflation and high energy prices. But this decline was partially offset by strong growth in services trade, which increased by 9 per cent in value terms, boosted in particular by the post-pandemic surge in tourism. Despite trade tensions, political uncertainty, and shocks like COVID-19, world trade has been remarkably resilient in recent years. The value of total goods and commercial services trade in 2023, at US$ 30.4 trillion, was close to record highs. Merchandise trade volumes at the end of 2023 were 6 per cent above their pre-pandemic peak in 2019, while the value of commercial services trade was up 21 per cent between 2019 and 2023 ？ and by more than 50 per cent for trade in digitally-delivered services.
The future of trade is services, digital, green ？ and it must be inclusive. This Annual Report describes how, over the course of 2023 and through to our 13th Ministerial Conference in Abu Dhabi in February 2024, the WTO and its members moved forward on all these fronts, helping build the enabling environment for trade’s evolution in the years ahead. At the same time, members left key business unfinished ？ notably on fisheries subsidies and agriculture.
In 2023 ？ the main period covered by this report ？ merchandise trade volumes fell by 1.2 per cent after growing 3.0 per cent the year before, as many countries dealt with the lingering effects of inflation and high energy prices. But this decline was partially offset by strong growth in services trade, which increased by 9 per cent in value terms, boosted in particular by the post-pandemic surge in tourism. Despite trade tensions, political uncertainty, and shocks like COVID-19, world trade has been remarkably resilient in recent years. The value of total goods and commercial services trade in 2023, at US$ 30.4 trillion, was close to record highs. Merchandise trade volumes at the end of 2023 were 6 per cent above their pre-pandemic peak in 2019, while the value of commercial services trade was up 21 per cent between 2019 and 2023 ？ and by more than 50 per cent for trade in digitally-delivered services.
The future of trade is services, digital, green ？ and it must be inclusive. This Annual Report describes how, over the course of 2023 and through to our 13th Ministerial Conference in Abu Dhabi in February 2024, the WTO and its members moved forward on all these fronts, helping build the enabling environment for trade’s evolution in the years ahead. At the same time, members left key business unfinished ？ notably on fisheries subsidies and agriculture.
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