We would like to thank the National Statistical Office of Thailand, the Research Institute for Policy Evaluation and Design, and the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce for access to the data used in this paper. We also thank anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve our paper. An earlier version of this paper was circulated as the PIER Discussion Paper under the title “Who Suffers the Most during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from Thailand.” It has not been peer-reviewed or been subject to any review that accompanies official publications. Lusi Liao was supported by Guangdong Academy of Sciences (GDAS) Special Funding Project (2022GDASZH-2022030601). The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the data-sharing regulation of the National Statistical Office of Thailand.