Many older Americans need assistance with “activities of daily living” such as bathing, eating, and dressing or suffer from severe cognitive impairment that requires close supervision. For some, this need is short-term in nature and results from an injury or hospitalization. For others, the need arises due to a long-term chronic condition like Parkinson’s disease or dementia and persists or grows with disease progression. Recent estimates suggest that over half of people turning 65 will develop a disability that will require assistance with personal tasks, and one in three will require assistance for two years or more―even those reporting excellent health at age 65 (see Figure 1). And due to a variety of different demographic trends, the population needing care is likely to grow over time.