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Bank lending and firm internal capital markets following a deglobalization shock
Deutsche Bundesbank
2025.03.20
The pace of globalization has slowed since the global financial crisis, and recent events have sparked fears of a more widespread deglobalization and market fragmentation. This paper aims to better understand the effects of deglobalization events in a globalized world, and the role that financial and economic integration play in this regard. We explore how an event implying a turn towards deglobalization affects a highly integrated economy as well as other economies, which are economically and financially connected.

German banks reduced lending to United Kingdom (UK) firms following the shock due to increased uncertainty about future losses. More prudent banks reduced their credit more extensively, and less profitable subsidiaries experienced greater reductions. However, UK subsidiaries of large MNCs, with access to internal capital markets, offset this credit supply shock through internal funding, shielding them from negative real effects. We find that non-UK subsidiaries play a crucial role in internal capital markets by securing external financing and reallocating funds to support UK affiliates. Well capitalized banks reallocated lending to firms outside the UK, particularly those of German MNCs. Our findings underscore that while international financial frictions following deglobalization shocks can imply negative real effects, firms integrated into global networks mitigate these impacts through internal capital markets.