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Lead Exposure and Cognitive Skills in a Developing Country: Evidence from Toxic Sites in Indonesia
This paper gives causal evidence from a developing country context that children exposed to lead at a young age exhibit worse cognitive outcomes.
The paper uses data from Indonesia on lead-contaminated sites such as recycling operations for used lead-acid batteries. It finds large negative impacts on numeracy and general cognitive ability among respondents who were exposed in utero or during early childhood and lived within 6 kilometers of a site. The learning penalty in numeracy is equivalent to about 3 years of primary schooling for those who lived within 3 kilometers of a site and 1.4 years for those who lived 3？6 kilometers away. The paper highlights the importance of preventing lead exposure, especially among children.
The paper uses data from Indonesia on lead-contaminated sites such as recycling operations for used lead-acid batteries. It finds large negative impacts on numeracy and general cognitive ability among respondents who were exposed in utero or during early childhood and lived within 6 kilometers of a site. The learning penalty in numeracy is equivalent to about 3 years of primary schooling for those who lived within 3 kilometers of a site and 1.4 years for those who lived 3？6 kilometers away. The paper highlights the importance of preventing lead exposure, especially among children.
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