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KDI 경제교육·정보센터

ENG
  • 경제배움
  • Economic

    Information

    and Education

    Center

최신자료
Monetary policy and earnings inequality: inflation dependencies
BIS
2025.06.05
This paper studies the distributional effects of monetary policy and its dependence on inflation. We document a novel dependency in the earnings heterogeneity channel of monetary policy using high-frequency, administrative tax data from eurozone member Estonia. Monetary policy shocks substantially influence earnings inequality during high-inflation periods, with weaker effects during low-inflation periods. Extending our dataset with granular MPC estimates, we show that earnings heterogeneity amplifies the aggregate MPC and consumption response. In high-inflation periods, consumption and inequality respond more, even though the aggregate MPC may be lower. We rationalise our findings with a nonlinear tractable HANK model featuring inflation dependencies.