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KDI 경제교육·정보센터

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최신자료
Central Bank Digital Currency and Multidimensional Bank Stability Index: Does Monetary Policy Play a Moderating Role?
ADB
2025.06.16
By taking an accommodative monetary policy stance, adopting central bank digital currency favors bank stability.
Central bank digital currency (CBDC) is intended to boost financial inclusion and limit threats to bank stability posed by private cryptocurrencies. We examine the impact of implementing CBDC on the bank stability of two countries in Asia and the Pacific―the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and India―which initiated research on CBDC within the last 10 years (2013 to 2022). We construct a bank stability index by utilizing five dimensions, namely capital adequacy, profitability, asset quality, liquidity, and efficiency, using a novel “benefit-of-the-doubt” approach. Employing panel estimation techniques, we find a significant positive impact of adopting CBDC on bank stability and a moderating role of monetary policy. We also find that the effect is greater in India, a lower-middle-income country, than in the PRC, an upper-middle-income nation. We conclude that by taking an accommodative monetary policy stance, adopting CBDC favors bank stability. We confirm our results with various robustness tests by introducing proxies for bank stability and other model specifications. Our findings underscore the potential of adopting CBDC, when carefully managed alongside appropriate monetary policy, for enhancing bank or overall financial stability.