Over the last 60 years, the federal government has showered the domestic steel industry with every conceivable form of protection from import competition, from tariffs, quotas, and trade remedies to voluntary export restraints, Buy American procurement preferences, and restrictions on trade and foreign investment under the guise of national security. These policies have further entrenched the steel industry as a protected constituency that wields significant influence over trade policy, which in turn has led to more―and increasingly complex―schemes for further shielding the industry from imports.