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KDI 경제교육·정보센터

ENG
  • 경제배움
  • Economic

    Information

    and Education

    Center

최신자료
Does Childcare Cost Women More? A Study of the Gender Income Gap in Pakistan
ADB
2025.11.10
Using nationally representative data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2019?2020, the results of various econometric models show that caregivers earn 44%?48% less than non-caregivers. Each additional child reduces wages by 12%, especially with young children. Penalties vary across wage levels and are more severe in rural areas due to lower education and job returns. The findings highlight unequal burdens on low-income and rural mothers.