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KDI 경제교육·정보센터

ENG
  • 경제배움
  • Economic

    Information

    and Education

    Center

최신자료
Competing digital monies
BIS
2025.11.13
We compare three competing digital payment instruments: bank deposits, digital platform tokens and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). A simple theoretical model integrates the theory of two-sided markets and payment economics. We use the model to assess the impact of a public option such as a fast payment system that makes private payment instruments interoperable, or a CBDC that provides general access to public digital money. We show that both options are essentially equivalent for the industrial organisation of the payment system. We find that, even if they may lead to some degree of disintermediation, both options can contribute to increasing financial inclusion and improving social welfare.