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Exchange rate statistics November 2025
On 1 January 1999, 11 Member States of the European Union initially adopted the euro as their single currency. On 1 January 2001, Greece joined the euro area, followed by Slovenia on 1 January 2007, Cyprus and Malta on 1 January 2008, Slovakia on 1 January 2009, Estonia on 1 January 2011, Latvia on 1 January 2014, Lithuania on 1 January 2015 and Croatia on 1 January 2023 (for details, see Table I. 1., p. 7). Since the introduction of the euro, there has been no autonomous foreign exchange market for the currencies replaced by the euro; the euro alone is quoted against non-euro area currencies, such as the US dollar and the Japanese yen. Since 4 January 1999, the ECB has published euro foreign exchange refer ence rates for selected currencies each working day. These rates are calculated on the basis of the daily concertation between central banks which takes place at 14:10 CET. Only one reference rate, i. e. the middle rate, is established by this procedure.
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