The world faces a twin crisis of surging armed conflicts and climate change. As discussed in the current article, while the much-needed green energy transition and de-carbonization of our economies represents great opportunities for fostering peace, it also bears significant risks linked to the scramble for critical minerals. In the current piece we take stock of the evidence linking minerals to civil and interstate conflicts and propose several evidence-based policies that allow to capture a "double dividend" of going green: saving planetary health and reducing armed conflicts.