최신자료
Aquaculture development
Stocking programmes are carried out across the world, both in inland and in marine waters, for a wide range of aquatic species and for different goals. These include conservation, the creation or enhancement of fisheries, and the development or improvement of ecosystem services. The specific objectives of stocking programmes include stock establishment, restocking, stock enhancement and ranching. Stocking commonly occurs through the release of hatchery reared seed or juveniles, or even adults, or through the translocation of seed, juveniles or breeding stock from other locations. These introduced organisms are often genetically discrete from conspecifics in the receiving environment, either due to genetic changes occurring through domestication or due to genetic differences between wild sourced and receiving populations. With such genetic differences being commonplace, stocking programmes often represent a risk to the genetic integrity of wild populations. FAO’s Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Development of Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, call for: the conservation of aquatic species, including of genetic diversity; maintaining the integrity of aquatic communities and ecosystems; the responsible development and management of aquaculture and fisheries; and the responsible introduction, exchange and use of aquatic genetic resources. These guidelines are intended to provide practical technical guidance on genetic management in stocking programmes, including culture-based fisheries and other forms of stocking of hatchery reared farmed types into the natural environment. The guidelines are not intended to cover stocking carried out for the specific purpose of aquaculture, where ownership of the stocked organisms is retained.The guidelines primarily address the technical aspects of genetic resource management in stocking programmes.
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