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International Debt Report 2025
World Bank
2026.01.29
Each year the report presents an analysis of evolving trends in external debt stocks and flows of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as issues and challenges for development finance. The IDS database provides comprehensive information on external debt stocks and flows of public and private borrowers in LMICs (by borrower and creditor), the terms on which external loans are contracted, current and future debt service, and debt indicators in relation to key economic variables.

IDR 2025 encompasses: (1) Analysis of external debt stocks and flows for 2014?24; (2) Debt dynamics: policy implications and outlook; (3) Update on the debt transparency agenda; and (4) One-page summaries per country, plus global, regional, and income-group aggregates showing debt stocks and flows, relevant debt indicators, and metadata for 6 years (2010 and 2020?24).

In 2024, slightly easier financial conditions brought some breathing room to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) struggling with high debt burdens, as interest rates peaked and bond markets opened up once again. Many countries used the opportunity to restructure their debt in order to ease fiscal pressures and improve long-term fiscal sustainability. These actions, however, did not halt the longer-term buildup in public debt burdens, which hit a new record during the year.