President Trump’s announcement of the Liberation Day tariffs on April 2, 2025, arguably marked the most significant protectionist trade policy in modern history. Eighty-five countries that export significantly more to the United States each year than they import faced so-called reciprocal tariff rates ranging from 11 percent to 50 percent, while all other countries were assigned a uniform 10 percent rate. Both types of tariffs were implemented in addition to existing tariffs.