최신자료
Typhoid Contamination and Self-Regulation of London’s Shellfish Industry
By the early twentieth century, London had lower typhoid mortality than most British, European, and American cities. While water infrastructure improvements played a role, a plateau in death rates after the 1880s suggests other factors. This paper argues that contaminated shellfish―harvested near urban wastewater―became a key vector of transmission. As consumer awareness grew, the shellfish market faced the threat of collapse. Yet, the industry survived due to self-regulation by the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers, which used the Billingsgate market to segment products by quality and signal safety. We interpret this as a case where private coordination offset asymmetric information, avoided a lemons market, and complemented public health efforts. The findings contribute to literatures on core theory, entrepreneurial discovery, and the role of private solutions in public health.
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