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KDI 경제교육·정보센터

ENG
  • 경제배움
  • Economic

    Information

    and Education

    Center

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When Digital Nudges Nag : Evidence on Program Take-up from a WhatsApp Intervention
World Bank
2026.09.02
This paper studies a randomized controlled trial in which undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia were assigned to receive informational videos via WhatsApp encouraging registration in a regularization program. The intervention backfired. Receiving a video reduced take-up by 8 percentage points, a 15 percent decline relative to the control mean. The negative effect operated through two channels. Among individuals who watched, exposure to procedural content discouraged registration. Among those who did not engage, unsolicited contact itself reduced take-up. Both effects were concentrated among individuals at the margin of the decision to participate. These findings challenge the assumption that well-designed informational nudges are, at worst, neutral.