Masculinities ? socially constructed ideas about how men should behave ? continue to shape gender equality in C?te d’Ivoire and Senegal. When restrictive, they position men as providers, decision makers and figures of authority, limiting women’s economic opportunities and agency, contributing to the tolerance of gender-based violence, and pressuring men and boys to meet narrow ideals of manhood. This report makes these norms visible and identifies policy pathways to promote positive masculinities, advance women’s economic empowerment and prevent gender-based violence. Its findings are based on original nationally representative survey data from C?te d’Ivoire and qualitative research conducted in Senegal.