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KDI 경제교육·정보센터

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  • 경제배움
  • Economic

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    and Education

    Center

최신자료
Impact Trickles Down: A General Equilibrium Theory of Stakeholder Exit and Engagement
NBER
2026.06.18
How do purpose-driven stakeholders induce reform? Using a multi-sided matching equilibrium, we show that whether they exit or engage depends on whether social harm scales with productivity. When harm is uncorrelated―an implicit assumption in most literature―purpose-driven stakeholders engage and compensating differentials adjust. But when harm scales with production, high-productivity firms outbid others for profit-driven stakeholders to avoid mitigation. Purpose-driven stakeholders exit―a seemingly ineffective action at the firm level but whose impact trickles down the productivity ladder and across stakeholder types. This necessitates a multi-sided framework, rationalizes puzzling findings, and explains why studies underestimate the aggregate impact of exit.