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KDI 경제교육·정보센터

ENG
  • 경제배움
  • Economic

    Information

    and Education

    Center

전망·동향
Micro and Macro Cost-Price Dynamics in Normal Times and During Inflation Surges
FRB of New York
2026.05.21
We develop a unified approach to studying cost-price dynamics in the cross-section of firms in order to jointly explain the time series of aggregate inflation and the frequency of price changes, both during normal times and inflation surges. A key novelty is the use of microdata on firms’ prices and production costs to construct an empirical measure of price gaps―the deviation between a firm’s listed and optimal price. Conditional on the path of aggregate cost shocks extracted from the data, a state-dependent pricing model with strategic complementarities accounts well for both the linear cost-price dynamics of the pre-pandemic period and the nonlinear increase in inflation and frequency of price adjustment that followed.